Magnetic fields are physical phenomena produced by the movement of charged particles, while electric currents and magnets are two different states of matter. By delving into the differences between the magnetic field of an electric current and the magnetic field of a magnet in terms of generation mechanism, directivity, strength, and persistence, we can better understand the differences between them. Next, we will analyze the difference between the magnetic field of the current and the magnetic field of the magnet from the above four aspects.
Electric currents and magnets produce magnetic fields that are essentially different. The current produces a magnetic field because a moving charge (that is, an electron) creates a magnetic field around the wire coil in the current. This magnetic field is called the ampere circulation magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by a magnet is due to the magnetic field formed by the alignment of magnetic domains formed by molecules or atoms with spin magnetic moments inside the material.
The direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is also different from the direction of the magnetic field generated by the magnet. For current, according to Lenz’s law, the magnetic field generated by the current is always perpendicular to the plane of the wire through which the current passes, and the direction law can be determined by “right-hand rule”. For magnets, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the magnet is determined by the polarity of the magnet.
The magnetic field produced by a magnet is usually much stronger than the magnetic field produced by an electric current. We can use the Ampere theorem to calculate the strength of the magnetic field produced by an electric current, while the magnetic field produced by a magnet is determined by the magnetism of the material itself.
The magnetic field generated by the current is generated by the current passing through the wire, and as long as the current persists, the magnetic field will also persist. This means that the magnetic field of the current can be controlled and adjusted, and the intensity and direction of the magnetic field can be changed by changing the magnitude and direction of the current. The magnetic field of a magnet is determined by the magnetic structure inside the material. Once the magnet is magnetized, its magnetic field will always exist and is difficult to change or control immediately.
